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- Started log file "listHelp.out" 94-08-01 13:01:28
- help ?
- ! ALARM CALL CD CHDIR
- CLOSE CLS CONFIRM COPY DATE
- DECR DEL DIR ECHO ECHO.
- EJECT ERASE EXIT FOR GOTO
- HELP IF INCR LOG MD
- MEM MKDIR MORE NEXT ONERROR
- OPEN PATH PAUSE PRINT PROMPT
- RD READ REM REN RENAME
- RENDIR REPEAT RESTART RMDIR SERIAL
- SET SHIFT SHOW SHUTDOWN SSTR
- SUBSTVOL TIME TOUPPER TREE TYPE
- VER VERIFY VOL WRITE XCOPY
-
- help "!"
- Identifies comments.
-
- ! [comment]
- help "ALARM"
- Directs MacDOS to report errors and warnings via a dialog box.
-
- ALARM [ON | OFF]
-
- Without a parameter, ALARM reports the current setting.
- help "CALL"
- While in batch, executes a program and returns to the next line of
- the original program.
-
- CALL file [param]
-
- file is a filename, possibly preceded by a volume and path spec.
- If file is of type 'TEXT', MacDOS executes is as a batch program.
- If file identifies an application or an AppleScript, MacDOS
- launches it. If file identifies a document, MacDOS launches the
- corresponding application and passes to it the document.
- param are passed to the program being called if it is a batch. If file
- identifies an application, MacDOS passes the first parameter to it
- as a document name.
- help "CD"
- Changes the current directory or displays its name.
-
- CD [dir]
-
- dir is the name of the new directory and can include volume
- and path.
-
- When two dots are used as directory name, CD changes
- to the parent directory.
-
- When a volume ID followed by a colon is used as directory
- name, CD displays the current directory in the given
- volume.
-
- Without directory name, CD displays the current volume
- and directory.
- help "CHDIR"
- Changes the current directory or displays its name.
-
- CHDIR [dir]
-
- dir is the name of the new directory and can include volume
- and path.
-
- When two dots are used as directory name, CHDIR changes
- to the parent directory.
-
- When a volume ID followed by a colon is used as directory
- name, CHDIR displays the current directory in the given
- volume.
-
- Without directory name, CHDIR displays the current volume
- and directory.
- help "CLOSE"
- Closes a file opened with the command OPEN.
-
- CLOSE fileID
-
- fileID is the number returned by OPEN.
- No error or warning is returned when the file is found already closed.
- help "CLS"
- Clears the console window.
-
- CLS
- help "CONFIRM"
- Directs MacDOS to ask for confirmation before overwriting existing
- files.
-
- CONFIRM [ON | OFF]
-
- Without a parameter, CONFIRM reports the current setting.
- help "COPY"
- Copies one or more files.
-
- COPY source [,...] [destination] [/A] [/C=creator] [/D] [/P] [/R]
- [/T=file-type] [/U] [/V]
-
- source specifies what is to be copied.
- It can be a filename, a wildcarded filename, a directory
- name, or several items separated by commata. Each item can
- include a volume and path spec.
- destination specifies where the source should be copied to.
- It can be a file or directory name, possibly preceded by
- a volume and path spec.
- /A appends the source to the destination.
- /C=creator only copies files of the given creator.
- /D only copies data forks.
- /P prompts the user for confirmation before overwriting
- existing files.
- /R only copies resource forks.
- /T=file-type only copies files of the given file type.
- /U only overwrites existing destination files if the
- corresponding source was updated more recently.
- /V verifies that the destination has been written correctly.
- help "DATE"
- Displays and sets the current date or the date format.
-
- DATE [format | date]
-
- format is a string which specifies order and number of digits
- of year, month, and day. It also specifies the separators
- to be used (eg. YYY-MM-DD).
-
- date is the date which the user wants to become the current date.
- It is specified in the current format.
-
- Without parameter, DATE displays the current date and asks for the new
- date/format. The user must reply with a RETURN in order to leave both
- date and format unchanged.
- help "DECR"
- Decrements or shortens values of variables.
-
- DECR [+ | -]var [BY {number | string}]
-
- [+|-]var is the name of a variable possibly preceded by a plus
- or minus sign. DECR uses the sign to decide whether to
- operate at the end or at the beginning of the string
- contained in var.
- number is a signed integer number which DECR subtracts from
- var when var is numeric. When var is not numeric and
- number is positive, DECR removes characters from var
- (when number is negative, DECR adds spaces instead).
- string is a non-numeric string. DECR removes it from var
- regardless of whether var is numeric or not.
-
- Defaults: "DECR var" is equivalent to "DECR +var BY 1"
- help "DEL"
- Deletes one or more files.
-
- DEL file [C=creator] [/P] [/T=file-type]
-
- file specifies what files are to be deleted.
- It can be a filename, a wildcarded filename, or a directory
- name, possibly preceded by a volume and path spec.
- With a directory name, DEL deletes all the files in the
- directory.
-
- /C=creator only deletes files of the given creator.
-
- /P prompts the user for confirmation before deleting each file.
-
- /T=file-type only deletes files of the given file type.
- help "DIR"
- Lists the items contained in a directory.
-
- DIR file [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C=creator] [/L] [/O[[:]order]]
- [/P] [/S] [/T=file-type] [/W]
-
- file identifies the file to be listed. It can also be a wildcarded
- filename or a directory name, possibly preceded by a volume
- and path spec.
- /A lists items with specified attributes (a minus sign as a
- prefix means 'not'):
- D Directories
- F Files
- H Hidden files
- X Aliases
- /B list item names one per line and without headings (bare format).
- /C=creator only lists files of the given creator.
- /L uses lowercase when filtering entries on the basis of wildcards.
- /O sorts the list with the following ordering options (a minus
- sign as a prefix reverses the order):
- D by Date & time of update (older first)
- G Group directories first
- N by Name (alphabetic)
- S by Size (smallest first)
- /P pauses after each screenful of listing.
- /S recursive display of all subdirectories of a given directory.
- /T=file-type only lists files of the given file type.
- /W list item names in a wide format.
-
- Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. When preset,
- a switch can be overriden by prefixing it in DIR with a minus sign.
- help "ECHO"
- Displays messages or turns batch command-echoing ON and OFF.
-
- ECHO [ [message] | [ON | OFF] ]
- ECHO.
-
- Without a parameter, ECHO reports the current setting.
- Immediately followed by a dot, ECHO displays a new-line.
- help "ECHO."
- Displays a new-line.
-
- ECHO.
- help "EJECT"
- Removes a volume and ejects a floppy.
-
- EJECT volume [/E]
-
- volume is the volume ID which identifies a removable volume to
- be ejected.
-
- /E only ejects the volume without removing it from the
- volume list.
- help "ERASE"
- Deletes one or more files.
-
- DEL file [C=creator] [/P] [/T=file-type]
-
- file specifies what files are to be deleted.
- It can be a filename, a wildcarded filename, or a directory
- name, possibly preceded by a volume and path spec.
- With a directory name, DEL deletes all the files in the
- directory.
-
- /C=creator only deletes files of the given creator.
-
- /P prompts the user for confirmation before deleting each file.
-
- /T=file-type only deletes files of the given file type.
- help "EXIT"
- Quits MacDOS and other applications.
-
- EXIT [appFile]
-
- appFile is the filename of the application which should quit,
- possibly preceded by a volume and path spec. When appFile
- is missing MacDOS terminates itself.
- help "FOR"
- Executes a command for each file in a set.
-
- FOR %var [/L] IN (set) DO [command [parameters] | BEGIN]
-
- %var specifies a parameter name.
- /L does not convert to upper case the filenames. This switch
- can be in any position before the "DO".
- set consists of one or more items. Each item is a filename (possibly
- wildcarded) or a directory name. File and directory names
- can be preceded by a volume and path spec.
- command is the command to be carried out for each file and can be
- the name of a batch file (possibly with volume and path spec).
- parameters are passed to the command or batch program being executed for
- each file.
-
- FOR %var IN (set) DO BEGIN
- is only allowed within a batch program. The lines following the FOR up
- to the corresponding "NEXT var" are executed for each file in the set.
- In this case, a global variable is created and the commands within the
- loop must refer to %var% (rather than %var) to obtain the current file
- name. It is up to the user to remove the variable after completing the
- batch program or within the program after exiting the FOR loop.
- help "GOTO"
- Continues execution from a labelled line while in batch.
-
- GOTO label
-
- label is a string used as a label in the current batch program.
- When used as a parameter of a GOTO, the label must not
- contain the initial colon.
- help "HELP"
- Provides help information for all MacDOS commands.
-
- HELP [entry | ?]
-
- entry is a command name.
- When the parameter is missing, HELP displays a brief summary of all
- entries. When a question mark is entered as a parameter, HELP displays
- the list of entries available without any detailed information.
- help "IF"
- Performs conditional processing in batch.
-
- IF [NOT] {string1==string2 | EXIST filename | EXISTDIR name} {command | prog}
-
- NOT negates the condition.
- string1, string2 can contain replaceable parameters and global variables.
- EXIST filename is true if the specified file exists. 'filename' can be
- wildcarded and preceded by a volume and path spec. If
- 'filename' identifies a directory the condition is not
- satisfied.
- EXISTDIR name is true if the specified directory exists. 'name' can be
- preceded by a volume and path spec. If 'name' identifies a
- file the condition is not satisfied.
- command is the command to be executed if the condition is satisfied.
- prog identifies the program to be executed if the condition is
- satisfied.
- help "INCR"
- Increments or extends values of variables.
-
- INCR [+ | -]var [BY {number | string}]
-
- [+|-]var is the name of a variable possibly preceded by a plus
- or minus sign. INCR uses the sign to decide whether to
- operate at the end or at the beginning of the string
- contained in var.
- number is a signed integer number which INCR adds to var when
- var is numeric. When var is not numeric and number is
- positive, INCR appends/prepends spaces to var (when
- number is negative, INCR removes characters instead).
- string is a non-numeric string. INCR appends/prepends it to var
- regardless of whether var is numeric or not.
-
- Defaults: "INCR var" is equivalent to "INCR +var BY 1"
- help "LOG"
- Captures MacDOS commands and text displayed on the monitor.
-
- LOG [file] [/A] [/O]
- LOG [/-]
-
- file identifies the file to be used for storing the logged text.
- It can include a volume and path spec. Without the 'file'
- parameter, LOG closes the current log file and stops logging.
-
- /A appends logged text to the given file instead of overwriting it.
-
- /O directs MacDOS to log everything which is displayed, rather
- than only the commands as typed by the user.
-
- /- closes the log file but without sending the closing message
- to it. This is useful when the log file is to be used as a
- batch program.
- help "MD"
- Creates a directory.
-
- MD directory
- help "MEM"
- Provides information on the list of executing processes.
-
- MEM
- help "MKDIR"
- Creates a directory.
-
- MKDIR directory
- help "MORE"
- Displays output information one screen at a time.
-
- MORE < file
-
- file is the file to be listed one screen at a time.
-
- MORE can be used to display the output of other MacDOS commands as follows:
- command | MORE
-
- When the output is redirected to a file and the input is not redirected, MORE
- can be used to generate small text files (EOF is CNTL-Z).
- help "NEXT"
- Terminates a multi-line FOR-loop.
-
- NEXT varname
-
- varname is the control variable of the FOR-loop and should be typed
- without the percent signs used to obtain the variable value.
-
- Note that FORs cannot be nested.
- help "ONERROR"
- Specifies a label for error handling in batch.
-
- ONERROR [label]
-
- label is the label at which execution should continue whenever an
- error occurs within a batch program. Without this parameter,
- ONERROR resets the error handling and no jump takes place
- when an error occurs.
- help "OPEN"
- Opens a text file.
-
- OPEN [file [varID]] [{/R | /W | /A}]
-
- file is a filename possibly preceded by a volume and path spec.
- The file can be closed with the command CLOSE.
- With no parameters, OPEN displays the list of opened files.
- varID is the name of the variable where the fileID is to be stored.
- If it is missing, the fileID is displayed on the screen.
- /R opens an existing text file to read (see the command READ).
- If the file does not exist, OPEN fails. /R is the default
- when no switch is provided.
- /W opens a new text file to write (see the command WRITE). If
- the file already exists, OPEN deletes it before opening the
- new one.
- /A opens an existing file to write past the current EOF (see the
- command WRITE). If the file does not exist, OPEN creates it.
-
- Only one of /R, /W, and /A at a time is allowed in a command.
- help "PATH"
- Displays and sets a search path for executable files.
-
- PATH [paths]
-
- paths is a list of paths separated by semicolons. If the
- parameter 'paths' is missing, PATH displays the current
- list. If 'paths' consists of a single semicolon, PATH
- resets the list.
-
- Example: path c:\;\bin;1:\batches
-
- "PATH paths" is equivalent to "SET PATH=paths"
- help "PAUSE"
- Suspends execution of a batch program and asks the user whether execution
- should be resumed.
-
- PAUSE
- help "PRINT"
- Prints text files.
-
- PRINT [file] [/P] [/D]
-
- file specifies what is to be printed.
- It can be a filename, a wildcarded filename, or a directory
- name, possibly preceded by a volume and path spec.
- PRINT ignores files which are not of type 'TEXT'.
- If 'file' is missing, PRINT prints the console window.
-
- /P prompts the user for confirmation before printing
- each file.
-
- /D displays the standard Print dialog before printing the
- first file of a series.
- help "PROMPT"
- Changes the command prompt.
-
- PROMPT [text]
-
- text is the new command prompt. When the parameter 'text' is missing,
- PROMPT resets to the default ($N$G).
-
- PROMPT sees a dollar sign as an indication that the following character
- is to be interpreted as a special code. The following codes are supported:
-
- $Q = (equal sign)
- $$ $ (dollar sign)
- $T system time
- $D current date
- $P current volume and path
- $V MacDOS version number
- $N current volume
- $G > (greater-than sign)
- $L < (less-than sign)
- $B | (pipe)
- $H backspace (erases the previous character)
- $E escape (ASCII code 27)
- $_ new-line
- help "RD"
- Deletes (removes) a directory.
-
- RD directory
- help "READ"
- Reads a line of text from a file opened with OPEN.
-
- READ fileID [var]
-
- fileID is the number returned by OPEN.
- The file can be closed with the command CLOSE and is automatically
- closed when the EOF is read.
- var is the name of the global variable where the line is to be stored.
- If it is missing, the line is displayed on the screen.
- READ strips the newline character (CR) at the end of each line
- containing more than one character, and replaces it with a space
- if the line only contains the CR. This guarantees that a non-empty
- line is always returned.
- help "REM"
- Identifies comments (remarks).
-
- REM [comment]
- help "REN"
- Changes name, creator, and/or file-type of one or more files. It also
- assigns the current date/time and toggles the ‘hidden’ file attribute.
-
- REN source [destination] [/!] [/C=src-creator] [/C!dst-creator] [/D]
- [/H] [/L] [/T=src-file-type] [/T!dst-file-type]
-
- source specifies what is to be renamed.
- It can be a filename, a wildcarded filename, or a
- directory name, possibly preceded by a volume and path spec.
- destination specifies the new name[s].
- It can only be a file name, possibly wildcarded but NOT
- preceded by a volume and path spec.
- /! automatically modifies the destination filenames if there
- are duplicates, so that the command can be completed.
- /C=src-creator only renames files of the given src-creator.
- /C!dst-creator changes the creator to the given dst-creator.
- /D assigns the current date/time to the source.
- /H makes visible the hidden sources and hides the visible
- sources.
- /L makes the selection of sources case sensitive.
- /T=src-file-type only renames files of the given src-file-type.
- /T!dst-file-type changes the file type to the given dst-file-type.
- help "RENAME"
- Changes name, creator, and/or file-type of one or more files. It also
- assigns the current date/time and toggles the ‘hidden’ file attribute.
-
- REN source [destination] [/!] [/C=src-creator] [/C!dst-creator] [/D]
- [/H] [/L] [/T=src-file-type] [/T!dst-file-type]
-
- source specifies what is to be renamed.
- It can be a filename, a wildcarded filename, or a
- directory name, possibly preceded by a volume and path spec.
- destination specifies the new name[s].
- It can only be a file name, possibly wildcarded but NOT
- preceded by a volume and path spec.
- /! automatically modifies the destination filenames if there
- are duplicates, so that the command can be completed.
- /C=src-creator only renames files of the given src-creator.
- /C!dst-creator changes the creator to the given dst-creator.
- /D assigns the current date/time to the source.
- /H makes visible the hidden sources and hides the visible
- sources.
- /L makes the selection of sources case sensitive.
- /T=src-file-type only renames files of the given src-file-type.
- /T!dst-file-type changes the file type to the given dst-file-type.
- help "RENDIR"
- Changes the name of a single directory.
-
- REN source destination
-
- source specifies the directory to be renamed.
- It can be preceded by a volume and path spec.
- destination specifies the new name of the directory.
- It cannot be preceded by a volume and path spec.
- help "REPEAT"
- Repeats a block of lines in a batch program.
-
- REPEAT label
-
- label identifies the last line to be executed before returning to
- the first line of the block. As a label cannot be followed by
- a command in the same line, the block to be repeated consists
- of all the lines between the REPEAT and the corresponding label.
- Repeats cannot be nested.
-
- You can replace a "REPEAT label"/":label" with a ":label"/"GOTO label".
- help "RESTART"
- Restarts the Macintosh.
-
- RESTART
- help "RMDIR"
- Deletes (removes) a directory.
-
- RMDIR directory
- help "SERIAL"
- Directs MacDOS to use the modem serial port for Input/Output.
-
- SERIAL [inout | OFF] [/M]
-
- inout specifies the ports to be used for serial communication.
- It consists of a pair of letters (not case sensitive) which
- specify the port to be used for input and output respectively.
- For example:
- AA sets both input and output to port A (the modem port).
- MacDOS then sends to port A all characters displayed in
- the console window, and accepts characters from port A as
- if they had been typed on the keyboard.
- BA sets the input to port B (the printer port) and the output
- to port A (the modem port). MacDOS then sends to port A
- all characters displayed in the console window, and accepts
- characters from port B as if they had been typed on the
- keyboard.
- Note that the console window and the keyboard remain operational
- while I/O via the serial port[s] is enabled.
- OFF disables I/O via the serial port[s].
- /M specifies that MacDOS has just to Monitor the characters read
- from the serial port instead of interpreting them as commands.
- By default, MacDOS accepts commands from the serial port.
- Without a parameter, SERIAL reports the current setting.
-
- The port is set to 9600 bps, no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and
- hardware handshaking.
- help "SET"
- Displays, sets, and removes global variables.
-
- SET [var=[value]]
-
- var is the name of the variable.
- value is the string to be assigned to the variable. When the parameter
- 'value' is missing, SET removes user-defined variables and
- resets to their default system variables.
-
- Without parameters, SET displays the list of variables with their values.
- help "SHIFT"
- Moves the replaceable parameters of a batch program forward one position.
-
- SHIFT
- help "SHOW"
- Retrieves the message corresponding to an error code.
-
- SHOW err [var]
-
- err is the error code for which the message should be displayed
- var is the variable where SHOW stores the message. If 'var' is
- missing, SHOW displays the message on the screen.
-
- If no message can be found, SHOW returns the parameter err itself.
- As additional parameters are ignored, SHOW can also be used to
- select the first word of a sentence.
- help "SHUTDOWN"
- Shits down the Macintosh.
-
- SHUTDOWN
- help "SSTR"
- Extracts substrings from variables.
-
- SSTR var [delim] [/E] [/L | /R]
-
- var is the name of the variable from which the substring is
- to be extracted. SSTR replaces the content of 'var' with
- the substring.
- delim is the string which delimits the substring. MacDOS searches
- 'var' and stops when it finds 'delim'. Depending on the
- presence of switches, MacDOS extract from 'var' the
- substring on the left or on the right of 'delim'. If 'delim'
- is empty or missing or if 'delim' is not found within 'var',
- 'var' is left unchanged. An error condition occurs when 'var'
- does not contain 'delim'.
- Note that 'delim' must precede any switch if it begins with '/'.
- /E searches 'var' from the End (i.e. from right to left).
- Without /E, SSTR searches 'var' from left to right.
- /L extracts the substring on the Left of 'delim' (this is the
- default).
- /R extracts the substring on the Right of 'delim'.
-
- /L and /R cannot be present simultaneously. Note that the searches
- are always case sensitive. Use TOUPPER to convert strings to upper
- case, so that searches can be made case insensitive.
-
- Examples:
- ! initially VAR contains: "a few chars and nothing more"
- SSTR VAR "and nothing"
- ! VAR now contains: "a few chars "
- SSTR VAR /E " "
- ! VAR now contains: "a few chars"
- SSTR VAR w /R
- ! VAR now contains: " chars"
- help "SUBSTVOL"
- Associates a letter to a volume ID.
-
- SUBSTVOL letter volume
-
- letter is a character between 'A' and 'Z' (case is irrelevant).
-
- volume is a volume identifier (1 is the first volume mounted and
- corresponds to the startup volume).
- help "TIME"
- Displays and sets the system time or the time format.
-
- TIME [time]
-
- time is the time which should become the new system time. Also,
- the format of the new time becomes the new format used by
- MacDOS whenever it displays a time. If you type midnight (i.e.
- 00:00:00a in 12h format and 24:00:00 in 24h format), MacDOS
- only updates the time format and leaves the system time unchanged.
- If you omit time, MacDOS displays the current system time in the
- current format and prompts you for a new time. You can then type
- the new time, or hit Carriage Return if you do not want to change
- anything.
- help "TOUPPER"
- Converts variables to uppercase.
-
- TOUPPER var
-
- var is the name of the variable to be converted. TOUPPER
- replaces the content of 'var' with its uppercase version.
- help "TREE"
- Displays a directory structure graphically.
-
- TREE path [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C=creator] [/L] [/O[[:]order]]
- [/P] [/S] [/T=file-type] [/W]
-
- TREE accepts all the switches defined for DIR, but some of them have no
- effect.
-
- path is the root of the tree. It defaults to the current directory.
- /F displays the filenames in each directory.
- /A lists items with specified attributes (a minus sign as a
- prefix means 'not'):
- D Directories
- F Files
- H Hidden files
- X Aliases
- Note that /A:-F overrides /F. Therefore, "TREE /A-F/F" will NOT
- display files.
- /B no effect.
- /C=creator only lists files of the given creator.
- /L uses lowercase when filtering entries on the basis of wildcards.
- /O sorts the list with the following ordering options (a minus
- sign as a prefix reverses the order):
- D by Date & time of update (older first)
- G Group directories first
- N by Name (alphabetic)
- S by Size (smallest first)
- /P pauses after each screenful of listing.
- /S recursive display of all subdirectories of a given directory.
- /T=file-type only lists files of the given file type.
- /W no effect.
-
- Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. When preset,
- a switch can be overriden by prefixing it in TREE with a minus sign.
- help "TYPE"
- Displays the content of a text file on the monitor.
-
- TYPE file [/H | /R]
-
- /H dumps in HEX the data fork of 'file'
-
- /R dumps in HEX the resource fork of 'file'
- help "VER"
- Displays the version of MacDOS.
-
- VER
- help "VERIFY"
- Directs MacDOS to verify that files are written correctly when copied.
-
- VERIFY [ON | OFF]
-
- Without a parameter, VERIFY reports the current setting.
- help "VOL"
- Displays the volume name.
-
- VOL [volume]
-
- volume is the volume letter or volume ID. It defaults to the current volume.
- help "WRITE"
- Writes a line of text to a file opened with OPEN.
-
- WRITE fileID what
-
- fileID is the number returned by OPEN.
- The file can be closed with the command CLOSE.
- what is the line of text to be written into the file. Note that
- the text must be quoted if it contains spaces. WRITE
- appends a newline character (CR) to each line before
- writing it into the file.
- help "XCOPY"
- Copies directories and directory trees.
-
- XCOPY source [destination] [/C=creator] [/D:date] [/E] [/P] [/S] [/T=file-type] [/V]
-
- source identifies the directory to be copied.
- destination identifies the location of the new files. It defaults to the
- current directory.
- /C=creator only copies files of the given creator.
- /D:date copies files changed on or after the specified date.
- /E copies all [sub]directories, even if empty.
- /P prompts the user before creating each destination file.
- /S copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones.
- /T=file-type only copies files of the given type.
- /V verifies each file copied.
-
- Hidden files are not copied.
- Aliases are not resolved. Therefore, aliased folders appear in the
- copied directory as they appeared in the original one.
- Files and subdirectories cannot be copied onto themselves. Therefore,
- 'source' and 'destination' must identify different directories.
- log
- Stopping log file "listHelp.out" 94-08-01 13:02:01
-